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title: Underworld Technical Notes
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<div class="uwtn-masthead"><div class="uwtn-kicker">Underworld</div><div class="uwtn-wordmark">Technical Notes</div><div class="uwtn-standfirst">Methods, implementation notes, benchmarks and worked examples from the <a href="https://github.com/underworldcode/underworld3">Underworld</a> geodynamics code. Each note is a living web article and, where it carries a DOI, a fixed archival PDF.</div></div>

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<div class="uwtn-year">2026</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry uwtn-lead"><a class="uwtn-thumb" href="/moving-the-mesh-without-remaking-it/"><img src="articles/moving-the-mesh-without-remaking-it/figures/banner.jpg" alt=""></a><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-011</span><span class="uwtn-date">13 August 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/moving-the-mesh-without-remaking-it/">Moving the Mesh Without Remaking It</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">There are three ways to put resolution where a calculation needs it: rebuild the mesh, subdivide it, or move its nodes. The third conserves the node budget and leaves the connectivity, the parallel partition and the multigrid hierarchy untouched — nothing is created or destroyed, only relocated. How that redistribution works in Underworld3, what it is worth in numbers, and where its ceiling is.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/moving-the-mesh-without-remaking-it/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33241170</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-mantle-convection/">Mantle convection</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-earthquakes-faults/">Earthquakes & faults</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-meshing/">Meshing</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-010</span><span class="uwtn-date">11 August 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/running-underworld-in-a-browser/">Running Underworld in a Browser: Any Repository, Any Version</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">A notebook written against one version of Underworld should still run against that version in five years, on a machine that has nothing installed. Here is the machinery that makes that true: a compact container, a nearly empty launcher repository, and two GitHub workflows that make a release and its launcher in the same breath.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/running-underworld-in-a-browser/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33216996</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-009</span><span class="uwtn-date">4 June 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/finding-particles-in-a-distributed-unstructured-mesh/">Finding Particles in a Distributed, Unstructured Mesh</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">It can be difficult to figure out where you are in an unstructured mesh of triangles or tetrahedra; worse when the mesh is distributed in parallel. We have to solve this problem for particle-in-cell type codes such as Underworld3. This is how we do it.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/finding-particles-in-a-distributed-unstructured-mesh/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193611</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-particles-swarms/">Particles & swarms</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-meshing/">Meshing</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-008</span><span class="uwtn-date">3 June 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/particles-in-underworld3/">Particles in Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Underworld is built around the idea of active Lagrangian tracer particles that carry history and composition information as the material deforms. How do we combine this information with our symbolic mathematical framework ?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/particles-in-underworld3/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193599</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-particles-swarms/">Particles & swarms</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-meshing/">Meshing</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-007</span><span class="uwtn-date">16 April 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/symbolic-time-derivatives-in-underworld3/">Symbolic Time Derivatives in Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">In Underworld3, the time derivative is a symbolic object. It appears in the solver's strong form as a SymPy expression, alongside the constitutive stress and the body force.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/symbolic-time-derivatives-in-underworld3/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193596</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-time-integration/">Time integration</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-006</span><span class="uwtn-date">13 April 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/constitutive-models-in-symbolic-form/">Constitutive Models in Symbolic Form</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">A constitutive model is a Python class where the relationship between fluxes and gradients is encoded in SymPy. At every stage the mathematics is visible, inspectable, and differentiable. The framework handles Jacobians, C code generation, and PETSc integration. You handle the physics.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/constitutive-models-in-symbolic-form/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193590</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-rheology/">Rheology</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-005</span><span class="uwtn-date">8 April 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/physical-units-in-computational-geodynamics/">Physical Units in Computational Geodynamics</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi and Ben Knight</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Non-dimensionalisation (rewriting problems to make them re-scalable from lab to the real world) is a specialised task that all modellers confront at some point. It is important for accurate and efficient numerical solutions. Can we take away the pain that comes with the task ?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/physical-units-in-computational-geodynamics/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193587</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-units-scaling/">Units & scaling</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-004</span><span class="uwtn-date">3 April 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/mesh-variables-and-petsc-vectors-keeping-arrays-in-sync/">Mesh Variables and PETSc Vectors: Keeping Arrays in Sync</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">One of the less glamorous but important problems in a finite element framework is this: how does the user assign values to a field variable, and how does the framework ensure that PETSc sees those values correctly, in parallel, without the user needing to keep track themselves?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/mesh-variables-and-petsc-vectors-keeping-arrays-in-sync/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193578</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-meshing/">Meshing</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-003</span><span class="uwtn-date">1 April 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/how-underworld3-turns-sympy-into-c/">How Underworld3 Turns SymPy into C</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi and 2 others</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">What actually happens between the moment you write a mathematical expression in underworld3's python layer and the moment PETSc receives a finite element term in the form of compiled C code ?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/how-underworld3-turns-sympy-into-c/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193572</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">23 March 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/ai-and-scientific-software-what-we-learned-rebuilding-underworld3/">AI and Scientific Software: What We Learned Rebuilding Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Underworld3 has about 50,000 lines of Python/ Cython wrapping PETSc, SymPy, and a just-in-time compiler. I began a trial of AI coding tools in 2025 and they have gradually become central to the way our team works. This is a story of co-evolution as much as it is about adoption of a new set of tools.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/ai-and-scientific-software-what-we-learned-rebuilding-underworld3/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193560</span></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2026-002</span><span class="uwtn-date">23 March 2026</span></div><h2><a href="/our-journey-from-underworld2-to-underworld3/">Our Journey from Underworld2 to Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi and 3 others</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Underworld is a code for geodynamics — mantle convection, lithospheric deformation, subduction, ice flow. We solve coupled, nonlinear PDEs with complex rheologies using Lagrangian particles to track material history. The project has been running for 20 years: why did we start again ?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/our-journey-from-underworld2-to-underworld3/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193566</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2025</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2025-004</span><span class="uwtn-date">25 August 2025</span></div><h2><a href="/new-features-of-the-surface-coupling-framework-in-underworld-2/">New features of the surface-coupling framework in Underworld 2</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Neng Lu</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/new-features-of-the-surface-coupling-framework-in-underworld-2/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193557</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-surface-processes/">Surface processes</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-tectonics-lithosphere/">Tectonics & lithosphere</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-time-integration/">Time integration</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2025-003</span><span class="uwtn-date">27 July 2025</span></div><h2><a href="/how-many-processors-should-we-use-to-solve-problem-x/">How many processors should we use to solve Problem X?</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Juan Carlos Graciosa and Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Parallel computation puts many CPUs to work on solving a problem much more quickly than one CPU alone. But this only works if the tasks are carefully scheduled and the additional CPUs are not waiting around for something to do. How do we choose the right number of processors for a given problem ?</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/how-many-processors-should-we-use-to-solve-problem-x/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193554</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2025-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">9 April 2025</span></div><h2><a href="/underworld-and-singularity/">Underworld and Singularity</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Julian Giordani</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">TL; DR: Underworld is now Singularity-enabled, making it easier and somewhat quicker to use compared to traditional HPC installs. We demonstrate results using over 10,000 CPUs and more than one billion unknowns for solving the Stokes equation with Underworld 2.16</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/underworld-and-singularity/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193545</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2024</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2024-002</span><span class="uwtn-date">8 December 2024</span></div><h2><a href="/underworld3-come-and-get-it/">Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">Introducing Underworld3: Mathematically Self-Describing Modelling in Python for Desktop, HPC and Cloud.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/underworld3-come-and-get-it/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193533</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-particles-swarms/">Particles & swarms</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-symbolic-codegen/">Symbolic algebra & code generation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2024-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">16 January 2024</span></div><h2><a href="/30-years-of-citcom-ellipsis-and-underworld/">30 Years of Citcom, Ellipsis and Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">CITCOM is a geodynamics modelling code based on the finite element method that is designed for planetary evolution modelling where large spatial variations and strong non-linearities occur in the material properties.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/30-years-of-citcom-ellipsis-and-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193530</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-mantle-convection/">Mantle convection</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-particles-swarms/">Particles & swarms</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2023</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2023-002</span><span class="uwtn-date">4 October 2023</span></div><h2><a href="/compressible-convection-in-cartesian-coordinates-in-underworld3/">Compressible convection in cartesian coordinates with Underworld3</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Juan Carlos Graciosa</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/compressible-convection-in-cartesian-coordinates-in-underworld3/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193527</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-mantle-convection/">Mantle convection</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2023-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">20 February 2023</span></div><h2><a href="/ismip-hom-benchmark-experiments-using-underworld/">ISMIP-HOM benchmark experiments using Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Haibin Yang</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/ismip-hom-benchmark-experiments-using-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193518</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2021</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2021-005</span><span class="uwtn-date">3 December 2021</span></div><h2><a href="/free-surface-in-underworld/">Free surface in Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Neng Lu</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/free-surface-in-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193503</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-surface-processes/">Surface processes</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-solvers/">Solvers</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2021-004</span><span class="uwtn-date">30 September 2021</span></div><h2><a href="/2-11-scaling/">Underworld 2.11 Scaling</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Julian Giordani and John Mansour</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/2-11-scaling/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193458</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2021-002</span><span class="uwtn-date">9 March 2021</span></div><h2><a href="/scaling-in-underworld/">Scaling in Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Julian Giordani and 2 others</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">To test scalability we run weak scaling tests on various HPC machines to check the numerical framework remains robust when pushing for higher fidelity models.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/scaling-in-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193452</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-parallel-hpc/">Parallel & HPC</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-benchmarks-validation/">Benchmarks & validation</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2021-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">11 January 2021</span></div><h2><a href="/stress-recovery-in-underworld/">Stress recovery in Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Haibin Yang</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/stress-recovery-in-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193446</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-particles-swarms/">Particles & swarms</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2020</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2020-003</span><span class="uwtn-date">6 April 2020</span></div><h2><a href="/underworld-low-fat-cloud/">Underworld's  lightweight cloud for online classrooms.</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary">We built a cheap-and-cheerful solution with persistent storage and a binder-like access to notebooks in a repository that is aimed at serving a single classroom. The zero-to-server time is just a few minutes and there is minimal manual configuration.</div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/underworld-low-fat-cloud/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193422</span></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2019</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2019-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">12 August 2019</span></div><h2><a href="/viscoelasticity/">Viscoelasticity in Underworld2</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Rebecca Farrington</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/viscoelasticity/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33191160</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-rheology/">Rheology</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-time-integration/">Time integration</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-finite-elements/">Finite elements</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2018</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2018-003</span><span class="uwtn-date">12 October 2018</span></div><h2><a href="/alaska-moho-model-reproducible-research-with-containers/">Alaska Moho Model (Reproducible research with containers)</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/alaska-moho-model-reproducible-research-with-containers/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193410</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-tectonics-lithosphere/">Tectonics & lithosphere</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2018-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">1 April 2018</span></div><h2><a href="/craton-formation-and-the-onset-of-plate-tectonics/">Craton Formation and the Onset of Plate Tectonics</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/craton-formation-and-the-onset-of-plate-tectonics/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193398</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-tectonics-lithosphere/">Tectonics & lithosphere</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-mantle-convection/">Mantle convection</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2017</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2017-003</span><span class="uwtn-date">29 June 2017</span></div><h2><a href="/untitled/">Modelling Drips and Delamination with Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Adam Beall</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/untitled/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193386</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-tectonics-lithosphere/">Tectonics & lithosphere</a><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-rheology/">Rheology</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2017-002</span><span class="uwtn-date">24 May 2017</span></div><h2><a href="/untitled-2/">Using physical units in Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Romain Beucher</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/untitled-2/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193380</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-units-scaling/">Units & scaling</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2017-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">5 May 2017</span></div><h2><a href="/shear-bands-with-dilatancy-modelled-with-underworld/">Shear Bands with Dilatancy modelled with Underworld</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/shear-bands-with-dilatancy-modelled-with-underworld/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193365</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-rheology/">Rheology</a></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2015</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2015-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">11 August 2015</span></div><h2><a href="/underworld-2/">Underworld 2</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/underworld-2/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193233</span></div></div></div>
<div class="uwtn-year">2014</div>
<div class="uwtn-entry"><div class="uwtn-entry-text"><div class="uwtn-entry-meta"><span class="uwtn-id">UWTN 2014-001</span><span class="uwtn-date">1 April 2014</span></div><h2><a href="/the-dynamics-of-continental-accretion/">The Dynamics of Continental Accretion</a></h2><div class="uwtn-entry-byline">Louis Moresi</div><div class="uwtn-entry-summary"></div><div class="uwtn-entry-links"><a class="uwtn-read" href="/the-dynamics-of-continental-accretion/">Read</a> <span class="uwtn-doi"><span class="uwtn-doi-label">doi</span>10.6084/m9.figshare.33193179</span></div><div class="uwtn-tags"><a class="uwtn-tag" href="/topic-tectonics-lithosphere/">Tectonics & lithosphere</a></div></div></div>
</div>

<div class="uwtn-colophon">31 notes, 31 with a registered DOI. The DOI identifies the archival publication; this site is the current rendition and may carry corrections, updated links and discussion. Notes are written by the Underworld community — <a href="/submit/">how to submit one</a>.</div>